Tuesday, October 11, 2011

Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton
( 1642 - 1727 )
Isaac Newton, scientists largest and most influential in the world who ever lived, was born in Woolsthrope, England, right on Christmas day 1642, the year coinciding with the death of Galileo. Like the Prophet Muhammad, he was born after his father died. In the boy he had shown real skill in the field of mechanics and very skillful use of his hands. Although children with a brilliant brain, the school seemed reluctant and did not attract much attention. When stepping on baliq passage, her mother out of school in the hope their children can be a good farmer. Fortunately the mother could be persuaded, that the main talent lies not in there. At age eighteen he entered the University of Cambridge. This is where Newton is quick to absorb what was then known to science and mathematics and very quickly as well start doing its own investigation. Between the ages of twenty-one and twenty-seven years he has laid the foundations of scientific theory which, in turn, then change the world.

Mid-17th century was a period of hatchery science. Discovery telescope near the beginning of the century has revolutionized the entire opinion about the science of astrology. English philosopher Francis Bacon and the French philosopher Rene Descartes both cried out to scientists all over Europe that no longer rely on the authority of Aristotle, but to experiment and research on the basic point of departure and his own purposes. What was put forward by Bacon and Descartes, has been practiced by the great Galileo. The use of telescopes, new findings by Newton for astronomical research has revolutionized the field investigation, and he did in the mechanics sector has resulted in what is now known as "Newton's laws of motion" of the first. Other great scientists, like William Harvey, discoverer of blood circulation affairs and governance inventor Johannes Kepler motion of planets around the sun, presents very basic information for the scholar. Even so, pure science is still a favorite of intellectuals, and still has not been proven - when used in technology - that science can change the basic pattern of human life as predicted by Francis Bacon. Although Copernicus and Galileo has been kicked to the side a few presumption digress about the ancient knowledge and has been presenting a more true understanding about the universe, but no one thought the subject was carefully formulated to be capable of turning the pile understanding landless and baseless as he arranged them in a theory that allows the development of predictions more scientific. None other than Isaac Newton was the one person capable of presenting a collection of neatly summarized the theory and laid the foundation stone of modern science that is now the current fad so people.
Newton himself somewhat reluctantly publish and announce its findings. The basic idea was drawn up long before the year 1669, but many new theories were publicly known for years afterward. The first publication of its discovery is concerned fuse in reverse long-held assumption about the light of things. In a careful series of experiments, Newton discovered the fact that what is commonly called the "white light" is actually none other than that contained a mixture of all colors in the rainbow. And he was very careful analysis of the legal consequences of reflection and refraction of light. Sticking to the law he is - in 1668 - designed and well built the first reflecting telescope, binoculars model used by most of the investigators today. This discovery, along with the results obtained in the field of optical experiments that have been live show, dedicated by him to the British royal institute researcher when he was twenty-nine years.
The success of Newton in the field of optics alone may be sufficient to put Newton on the order list this book. Meanwhile there are still discoveries that are less important in the field of pure mathematics and in the field of mechanics. Greatest offerings in the field of mathematics is the discovery of "integral calculus" which may be solved when he was twenty-three or twenty-four years. This discovery is the most important works in the field of modern mathematics. Not just like a seed that grows there from modern mathematical theory, but also furniture inevitable that without the invention of modern advancement of knowledge that comes after is impossible. Even Newton did not do anything else, the discovery of integral calculus alone is sufficient to bring tall ladder in the list order this book.
But Newton's discoveries are important is in the field of mechanics, knowledge about the movement of an object. Galileo was the inventor of the first law of motion of an object that describes when not influenced by outside forces. Of course, essentially all objects are influenced by outside forces and the most important issue in mechanical affairs is how objects move in that state. This problem is solved by Newton's second law of motion and famous and can be regarded as the laws of classical physics the most important. The second law (as outlined matcmatik with equation F = ma) stipulates that the acceleration of an object is equal to the net force divided by mass of the object. Against Newton's second law adds to the famous third law of motion (asserts that in every action, such as physical strength, there is a reaction similar to that contrary) and the most famous discovery of the scientific principle of universal law of gravity. The four devices to this law, if combined, would form a unified system applicable for the entire macro system mechanics, ranging from the pendulum to the motion  rotation
planets in orbit around the sun that can be watched and his movements can be predicted. Newton did not just set the laws of mechanics, but he himself also uses the tools of mathematical calculus, and show that these fundamental formulas can be used for solving problems.
Newton's laws can be and has been used in large-scale scientific field and the field of designing various technical equipment. In his lifetime, be practiced the most dramatic is in the field of astronomy. In this sector too Newton standing at the front. In 1678 Newton published his famous book Principles of mathematical natural philosophy (usually summarized Principia only). In the book, Newton put forward his theory about the law of gravity and the laws of motion. He shows how these laws can be used to estimate the movements of planets around the sun. The main issue movements of astronomy is how to estimate the exact position and movement stars and planets, thus completely solved by Newton are just a taken. Top of his work was Newton is often considered the greatest astronomer of all the biggest.
What is our assessment of the significance of Newton scholarship? If we open the open the index encyclopedia of science, we will find the particulars about Newton's laws and its findings on two or three times more numerous than the particulars of any scientist. Said the great scholars that Leibniz was not close to Newton even been involved in a bitter quarrel: "Of all the things related to mathematics of the world began to grow until the Newton, the ones who give the best contribution." Also praise given by the great French scholar, Laplace: "The book Principia Newton was far ahead of all products of human genius in the world." And Langrange often said that Newton was the greatest genius who ever lived. While Ernst Mach in his writing in 1901 said, "All the mathematical problems that have been solved since the days of his life is the basis for the development of mechanics based on Newton's laws." This is probably the major discovery of the most intricate Newton: he found a container of separation between fact and law, is able to describe some of the magic but not much help to make the allegations; he bequeathed to us the laws of the continuum that can be used for problems in space physics a very broad scope of the secret and contains the possibility to make the right guesses.
In this concise descriptions, it is impossible to expose in detail the discoveries of Newton. As a result, many works that are somewhat less famous are forced to set aside even have an important meaning in terms of discoveries in the field of its own problems. Newton also gave an enormous contribution in the field of thermodynamics (the investigation of heat) and in the field of acoustics (the science of sound). And he also who provide explanations that are clear as crystal physics principles of "preservation" of the motion so as not to waste as well as "curing" the amount of angular motion of something. Queue this invention can be extended again if you want: Newton man who invented the binomial theorem in mathematics is very logical and accountable. Want another? He also, none other than, the first to express the particulars conclusively the origin of stars.

Well, now because this: Newton's scientists put the most thumbs of all scientists who ever lived on earth. Most sheen like an emerald amid piles of stone. Put it that way. However, there may be people who question what the reasons put Newton on the giant frontman politicians such as Alexander the Great or George Washington, and called ahead than the major religious figures like Jesus or Buddha Gautama. Why should it?
I consider this. It is true that political changes are important if not imperative. Even so, however, in general, the greatest Part of human life hardly much difference between them in the days of five hundred years after Alexander died with them in the days before Alexander came five hundred of the womb. In other words, the way people live in the year 1500 AD arguably similar to the way of life of the son's great-great-great-grandson of their son in the year 1500 before Christ. Now, look at from the point of development of science. In the last five centuries, thanks to modern scientific discoveries, the way of everyday human life has experienced great revolution. How to dress differently, eat different ways, different ways of working and manifold. In fact, relaxed way of life lazed was not at all similar to what was done after the time of the year 1500 AD. Scientific discovery has revolutionized not only the technology and economics, but also completely change the political, religious thought, art and philosophy. Very steps aspects of human life is still "squat in place" did not move an inch with the scientific revolution. The reason for this - once again for this reason - the reason why so many scientists and inventors of new ideas contained in this book list. Newton not only the most intelligent among the rows of smart brains, but at the same time he was the most influential in the development of scientific theory. That's why he got the honor to occupy in the sequence is almost the top of many of the most influential man in human history. Newton's final breath in 1727, was interred in Westminster Abbey, the first scientist to get that kind of respect.

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